For example, during certain classroom activities, I might say that the next ten minutes is an English-only time. There will be times, however, when limiting primary language use could be important. However, recent research has also found that careful and strategic use of a student’s primary language-whether through a translation by a teacher, peer tutor, bilingual aide, or assistance from students themselves-can in fact help English language learning, particularly in understanding grammar concepts, vocabulary, instructions, and in developing teacher-student and student-student relationships.
Some claim that its use can hinder learning English and can result in students getting accustomed to using it as a crutch. Use of students’ primary language (called L1, native language, home language or heritage language) in the ESL classroom has been a controversial topic.
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